6.1 Thermodynamic Terms.

    6.1.1 The system and the surroundings.

    6.1.2. Types of systems and surroundings.

    6.1.3 The state of the system.

    6.1.4 The Internal Energy as a State Function.

        (a) Work (b) Heat (c) The general case, the first law of

            Thermodynamics.

6.2 Applications.

    6.2.1 Work

    6.2.2 Enthalpy, H- a useful new state function

    6.2.3 Extensive and intensive properties.

    6.2.4 Heat capacity

    6.2.5 The relationship between CP and Cv.

6.3 Measurement of 􀂨U and 􀂨 H: Calorimetry

6.4 Enthalpy change, 􀂨r H of reactions – reaction Enthalpy

    (a) Standard enthalpy of reactions.

    (b) Enthalpy changes during transformations.

    (c) Standard enthalpy of formation.

    (d) Thermo chemical equations.

    (e) Hess’s law of constant Heat summation.
6.5 Enthalpies for different types of reactions.

    (a) Standard enthalpy of combustion (􀂨c HO )

    (b) Enthalpy of atomization (􀂨a Hø), phase transition,

        sublimation and ionization.

    (c) Bond Enthalpy (􀂨bond Hø )

    (d) Enthalpy of solution (􀂨sol Hø ) and dilution.

6.6 Spontaneity.

    (a) Is decrease in enthalpy a criterion for spontaneity?

    (b) Entropy and spontaneity, *the second law of

        thermodynamics.

    (c) Gibbs Energy and spontaneity.

    6.7 Gibbs Energy change and equilibrium.

    6.8 Absolute entropy and the third law of thermodynamics.